Microbial and Animal Rhodopsins: Structures, Functions, and Molecular Mechanisms

Molecular Mechanisms Oliver P. Ernst,*,† David T. Lodowski,‡ Marcus Elstner, Peter Hegemann, Leonid S. Brown, and Hideki Kandori †Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada ‡Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States Institute for Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany Institute of Biology, Experimental Biophysics, Humboldt-Universitaẗ zu Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany Department of Physics and Biophysics Interdepartmental Group, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada Department of Frontier Materials, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan